This systematic review was aimed at summarising the evidence for or against the anxiolytic efficacy of such treatments. Six databases were searched for all RCTs testing herbal monopreparations in the alleviation of anxiety. Seven such studies and one systematic review were located. Eight different herbals were studied. The herbal medicines that, according to these data, are associated with anxiolytic activity in humans are Piper methysticum (kava) and Bacopa monnieri. Only for P. methysticum were independent replications available.